Racial Differences in the Corrections System Essay Example for Free

Racial Differences in the Corrections System Essay â€Å"According to Black Star Project Executive Director, Phillip Jackson, in 2007 there were 321 African American men enrolled at Northwestern University (1.7 percent of the student body) but four times that number – 1,207- imprisoned at Western Illinois Correctional Center (60 percent of the prison population)† (Walker, Spohn Delone, 2012). This is only one example of the astounding percentage of young black men currently serving jail time as opposed to pursuing a college education. Something must be vitally wrong with our criminal justice system, since it allows these staggering numbers to hold truth. Overall the total percentage of young African American males is almost five times more than that of their young white or Hispanic male counterparts. I find this statistic very disturbing and chose to research the why and how this is occurring. There are many possible reasons such as limited access to public health clinics, racial profiling, unfair judicial systems, racial differences in judges, lawyers, and law makers, poverty, and parental upbringing; to name a few. How do these young men get sucked into a life of crime, do they have an alternative or a role model to seek counsel form? The numbers do not lie and there must be sound reasons behind them. In this paper I will research and discuss the various reasons why young African American males are grossly over represented in the criminal justice and corrections facilities. While the overall white population is higher than the African American population, 10.4 percent of African American men between the ages of 25-29 can expect to spend time in jail, compared with 2.4 percent of Hispanics and 1.2 percent of white men. Throughout this paper I will discuss not only the staggering numbers but also the reasoning behind them and possible solutions or at the very least a starting point to help fix the problem at hand. â€Å"†¦People of color are disproportionately involved in the criminal justice system, as crime victims, offenders, persons arrested, and persons in prison† (Walker, Spohn Delone, 2012). It Starts at a Young Age There is more than one reason behind the racial imbalance in the criminal justice system. Areas that have been evaluated are parental involvement, peer groups, neighborhoods, the individual, and racial discrimination at all  levels. It appears that the problem is present in the juvenile justice system as well, something is not working right if these children are not receiving the rehabilitation and or help they need to lead a non-criminal life. Redding Arigo, 2005 state this about the number of African American juvenile offenders, â€Å"†¦compromising only 15% of the juvenile population†¦and 57% of the juveniles in state prisons† I decided to discuss juveniles because I found it interesting that they also represented a large number of the criminal offenders in the juvenile justice system in a very similar way that the 25-28 year old African American males do. Several avenues I researched concluded that African American’s have a harder time accessing health facilities such as metal health clinics, where many of the common mental health disorders that criminal offenders suffer from can be treated. â€Å"As many as 70 percent of youth in the system are affected with a mental disorder, and one in five suffer from a mental illness so severe as to impair their ability to function as a young person and grow into a responsible adult† (Hammond, 2007). It seems to me that if we can stop the current process at a young age, why wouldn’t we? Poverty and Single Parent Homes Walker, Spohn Delone state that 9.4 % of white Americans live in poverty compared to a shocking 25.8% of African American’s that live in poverty. There are thousands of studies that link poverty and poor neighborhoods with criminal activity, both victim and criminal. With a quarter of the African American population living at poverty level it is not surprising that they also retain such a large portion of the inmate population. â€Å"Regardless of whether poverty is a cause or an effect, however, the conditions associated with poverty can work against the development of human capital—that is the ability of individuals to remain healthy and develop the skills, abilities, knowledge, and habits necessary to fully participate in the labor force† (Nilsen, 2007). If people are not allowed the opportunity to reach their full potential often times a life of crime if the only way to survive. The United States Government recognizes that there is a link yet the problem still exists. Yes there are federally funded programs such as Medicaid, Food Stamps, and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, but the poverty level is still alarmingly high. â€Å"The most telling fact about poverty in the  United States is how thoroughly it is ignored† (Royce, 2009). While there is a link between poverty and crime, there is also a link between single parent homes or absentee parent homes and crime as well. The percentage of African American families run by a single parent, usually the mother, is astounding, â€Å"†¦50% of all black households with children under age 18 are headed by black women† (Bush, 2004). Often times the majority of these families live at or below the poverty level, leading to a higher chance of violence and criminal activity. The evidence above begins to show the reasoning behind why African Americans have the highest racial population in prisons. In addition they often are judged harder and serve longer sentences in jail than there non-black counterparts. While racial profiling seems to be a likely source I found various accounts of whether or not it is a direct cause of the higher numbers of African American men in prison, the problem seems to lie further up the judicial system. â€Å"Young African American and Hispanic males, in other words, face greater odds of incarceration than young white males primarily because the commit more serious crimes and have more serious prior criminal records† (Walker, Spohn Delone, 2012). Even though they may commit more serious crimes, when sentenced next to a non-minority for the same crime, their sentences are often longer. Clifford Levy 1996 of the New York Times states,† black and Hispanic people sentenced for minor felonies or misdemeanors in New York were treated more harshly than whites in similar circumstances.† His statements are based on a study released by the Pataki administration. Higher Up the Judicial System Other areas that may lead to the disproportioned numbers in the jails are judges, juries, and lawyers. Next I plan to discuss the differences in race among the judges, juries, lawyers, and law makers. â€Å"The jury is the heart of the criminal justice system† (Cole, 2000). How can racially fair rulings be handed out if the jury consists of mostly non-minorities? Racially biased judgments could be a cause of the difference in numbers in our criminal justice system. â€Å"An analysis of Jefferson Parish, La., by the Louisiana Capital Assistance Center found that from 1999 to 2007, blacks were struck from juries at more than three times the rate of whites† (Dewan, 2010). In  additional differences amongst the jurors, judges and lawyers are mostly white males. â€Å"Combined African American and Hispanic representation among lawyers was 7% in 1998†¦ There are fewer active African American federal appellate judges today than when Jimmy Carter was President† (T he collaboration the, n.d.). The buck does not stop here, the racial inequality continues up the ladder to Congress, the Senate, and the House. The article Do Your Lawmakers Represent all Americans, or is it Time to Change Congress states, â€Å"The U.S. population includes 12 percent African Americans, 9 percent Hispanics, and 3 percent Asian/Pacific Islanders and other groups. Congress, however, is 87 percent white; 85 percent in the House and 96 percent in the Senate.† If fact black members of the three government bodies above are often times questioned about decisions and their backing status far more than their non-minority counterparts. These numbers back the idea that African Americans face a discriminatory criminal justice system that starts at the top. Unfortunately racial biased is still something that is ingrained in most Americans and until the minorities are fairly represented in the government and judicial system, racial inequality within these entities will still exist. Comparison As mentioned previously African American males face longer prison sentences due to the fact that they commit more serious crimes and have longer criminal records, in general, than white Americans. The racial differences also extend to length of time served, higher rate of convictions and prison sentences. â€Å"The national incarceration rate for whites is 412 per 100,000 residents, compared to 2,290 for African Americans and 742 for Hispanics† (Mauer King, 2007). Incarceration rates are directly affected by the sentencing process. As one might expect African Americans and Hispanics face a harsher time during the sentencing process than white Americans. â€Å"Of the estimates of the direct effect of race on sentencing at the state level, 43.2% indicated harsher sentences for blacks, and over a quarter (27.6%) of the estimates on the direct impact of ethnicity registered harsher sentences for Latinos† (Kansal, 2005). Per the U.S. Sentencing Commission’s sourcebook of Federal Sentencing Statistics in 2007 the conviction ratio broken down by race is as follows: whites 28.8%, blacks 24.4%, and Hispanics 43%. Overall the percentage of African American males and Hispanics males that will serve  time in prison compared to white males is significantly higher. Structural Inequality Based on the information above I believe it is apparent that there is severe structural inequality starting at the top with the government down through to the jurors. How can racial unbiased laws be passed if the government writing them is made up the racial majority. It is impossible to truly understand what it is like to be a minority without living it. Some may say they understand and can make unbiased decisions, but the fact remains that without living the lifestyle this is impossible to truly accomplish, which is why African Americans and Hispanics must fight to increase their numbers within the governing bodies. Next the judicial system needs to be addressed; they face the same racial disparities that the government does. White judges and juries are handing out the majority of the convictions and sentences, including those handed out to the minorities. It is evidenced that African Americans face harsher sentences and longer jail times than their white counterparts. â€Å"Efforts should be made to reinstate judicial discretion into the sentencing process to permit judges to craft sentences that accurately reflect the charged conduct and circumstances of the offense and defendant† (Mauer King, 2007). Efforts need to be made to correct the imbalances that the United States criminal justice system currently faces. Conclusion â€Å"To be sure, criminalizing young Black males and warehousing them in jails and prisons will further exacerbate the problems of racial domination and ossify the economic and social inequities structuring their everyday lives† (Hill Lee, 2010). The evidence does not lie; there are sound reasons why African American males between the age of 25-29 have more of their population behind bars. It often times starts at home and works it all the way up to the top. The same problem has been recognized at the juvenile level. African American juvenile offenders represent with a higher number of their population in the criminal justice system. I found some interesting studies that link mental illness to criminal activity. Many families living in poverty have limited access to mental health clinics, thus a possible source of aggression and criminal behavior is going untreated. Poverty levels are still extraordinarily high and it has been proven that living at  or below the poverty level and in rough neighborhoods, leads to criminal activity. As many as 50% of the African American families at or below the poverty level are run by a single parent, leading to even more family strain and stress. Another area that is giving rise to the above mentioned numbers is the fact that the criminal justice system, itself, has very few minority members. The House, Senate, and Congress also are compromised of mostly white. The numbers do not correlated with the overall populations in the United States. White judges, lawmakers, juries, and lawyers comprise over 90% of the judicially system and government bodies. It is easier to understand why minorities are dealt harsher sentences, serve longer jail times, are convicted at a higher rate and hold a larger percentage in the prison system. With the current system in place and the obvious structural inequality within the criminal justice system, I fear that the numbers will not change. Action must be taken to incorporate the minorities into these governing bodies. The issue needs to be addressed at the juvenile level, by helping these troubled teens; their numbers may start to decrease at all age levels. The reasoning behind the numbers has been laid out, is know by most, and yet is still a problem. It is time to make a change, if not 1 in every black male born today will see the inside of a prison cell and this is not acceptable. References Bush, L. (2004). How black mothers participate in the development of manhood and masculinity: What do we know about black mothers and their sons? The Journal of Negro Education, 73(4), 381-391. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/4129623?uid=3739256uid=2uid=4sid=21101002202873 Cole, D. (1999). No equal justice: Race and class in the american criminal justice system. New York: New. The collaboration the legal profession. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.lfoa.org/barnone/barnone_collaboration. Dewan, S. (2010, June 1). Study finds blacks blocked from southern juries. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/02/us/02jury.html?_r=1scp=1sq=Blacks Still Being Blocked from Juries in the South, Study Findsst=cse Do your lawmakers represent all americans, or is it time to change congress?. (n.d.).

California v Carney :: essays research papers

California v. Carney involves a Drug Enforcement Agency Agent, Robert Williams, who was observing respondent, Charles Carney, as he approached a youth in downtown San Diego. Having received previous information that that particular motor home was being used to exchange sex for marijuana, Williams accompanied by other agents kept the motor home under surveillance (Kamisar, LaFave, Israel, King, p 260, 2002). During the time that the agent had Carney under surveillance, he saw Carney bring the youth back to his motor home, which was parked in a lot (Kamisar, et al., p 260, 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After approximately an hour and fifteen minutes the youth exited the motor home. The youth was then stopped by the agents who engaged him in conversation. At this point the youth told the agents that he had received marijuana in return for allowing Carney sexual contact (Kamisar, et al., p 260, 2002). Cooperating with the agents, the youth returned to the motor home and knocked on the door. When the respondent stepped out one of the agents entered the home without having a warrant or any form of consent. Inside the agent saw marijuana, and a following investigation at the precinct exposed more marijuana. Charles Carney was charged with ownership of marijuana for sale (Kamisar, et al., p 260, 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In California v. Carney, the California Supreme Court questioned if the warrant less search of the respondent’s motor home violate his Fourth Amendments right to privacy. After his motion to exclude the evidence found in the motor home was denied, the California Supreme Court held that the search of the motor home was unreasonable and that the motor vehicle exception to the warrant requirement of the Fourth Amendment did not apply to this case. They reasoned that the expectations of privacy in a motor home are more reminiscent of those in a private residence than in a vehicle (Kamisar, et al., p 260-61, 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The court was able to some to this conclusion based on the idea that the â€Å"expectations of privacy in a motor home are more like those of a home rather than a car because the most important function of motor homes is not to endow with transportation but to provide the occupant with living quarters† (Kamisar, et al., p 261-62, 2002). The Fourth Amendment protects the â€Å"right of the people to be secure on their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures† (Gpo.

Blue Collar and College

Is College Worth It? Is college the only way to success? If the answer is yes, so why Bill Gates and Steve Jobs are college dropouts and millions of graduated students with degrees from four-year higher education institutions cannot find jobs. Today, a college education does not guarantee you anything. It is not an automatic ticket to get a good job as people believe. These issues are viewed more sharpen via two writers’ point of views Mike Rose and Caroline Bird.Based on their essays, Rose with â€Å"Blue-Collar Brilliance† and Bird with â€Å"College is a Waste of Time and Money†, both suggest college is not the only way to succeed and that society mistakenly overvalues a college education. It is time to rethink the idea about college. By showing that knowledge can be acquired outside the classroom, Rose repudiates that people who spend more time in school, are not more brilliant than those who do not. He says, â€Å"Though work-related actions become routine with experience, they were learned at some point through observation, trial and error. Even if people are not college educated, they can deal with various problems that they face in the work by using their experiences that colleges do not teach them. Rose’s mother, Rosie was a waitress; the restaurant became the place where she studied human behavior, puzzling over the problems. Rose’s uncle, Joe Meraglio, worked in a factory; he observed the factory was like schooling, a place where he was constantly learning. Life experience can teach a person a tremendous amount.True, it would be in a different manner than a formal education would, yet still a very lofty education can be learned through hands-on actives, outside a classroom setting. Everyone is smart on their own level. However, Rose stresses the point that their â€Å"brilliance† is not recognized or, if it is, it is looked down upon by people who are more â€Å"educated. † In the same way with Rose, Bird argues that college is a waste of time because the majority of college graduates do not end up working in the same field as the major they studied.Students waste thousands of dollars for a college education, just to end up with their degree in their hand and with no job relating to it. Instead they have to take classes that have close to nothing to do with their major but are only taking these classes in order to fulfill a general educational requirement. They cannot transform learning experiences to jobs. Bird says, â€Å"Teachers, engineers and others I talked to said they find that on the job they rarely use what they learned in school. † She presents this statement with the evidence of Charles Lawrence, a communications major in college and now the producer of â€Å"Kennedy & Co. † the Chicago morning television show, says, â€Å"You have to learn all that stuff and you will never use it again. I learned my job doing it. † Birds also shows a society's a ssumption that everyone is a fit for college, not knowing that it only comes naturally to a few. Another Rose and Bird’s perspective is that money can be acquired without a college education. Rose shows how Rosie and Joe make money with blue collar jobs. Rosie with excellent management ability on performance helped her earn a lot of tips and good salary.Joe took the advantage on learning about budget and management, he became a supervisor. Those people definitively have a good income. Rosie and Joe are representative people without higher education, but they still get accomplishments and they can define who they are in society. Similarly, Bird states that college education will not help the students to make money in the future: â€Å"if making money is the only goal, college is the dumbest investment you can make†. Bird compares the money that would be spent on education versus money that is put in a bank for interest.Even when the graduates do succeed in having good j obs, Bird says there is no evidence that the higher income is due to their college education as college attract people who are intelligent with good family backgrounds and an enterprising temperament. Most parents are convinced that sending their children to college is a good investment; their children will earn more money. There was a student that really was into cars and was also accepted to Princeton. If he decided to go to Princeton he would pay about $34,181 a year to attend, and when he got out only make $1,000 more than a high school graduate.But if he instead took the money and invested it while working at the local car garage, by the time he was 28 he would have over $73,113. Then with that money he could open up his own business and make a lot more yearly that the average high school graduate. Although there is a huge similarity between Rose and Bird’s idea, there are some different thoughts in their essays. Rose comments that education should not only be measured b y college, but he still acknowledges the value of college. He still has higher education.He says, â€Å"I studied the humanities and later the social and psychological sciences and taught for 10 years†¦ Then I went back to graduate school to study education and cognitive psychology and eventually became a faculty member in a school education. † His points of view which are displayed in his essays are gained not only from his real life but also from his college. If he did not have higher education, he would not have had this essay â€Å"Blue–Collar Brilliance†. On the other hand, Bird devalues college by focusing on money. She convinces readers that college is an investment in order to make money.Therefore, after graduation, students cannot find job and no money; it means college is not worth. She said, â€Å"When most people talk about the value of a college education, they are not talking about great books. † She also claims that college becomes com mercialized: â€Å"They sell college like soap, promoting features they think students want: innovative features, an environment conductive to meaningful personal relationships, and a curriculum so free that it doesn’t sound like college at all. † She gives people a negative image about college.In conclusion, success is the goals which people have set just for themselves. Not to look at anyone or make determination based on social standing. Success in a general sense means happiness. As Rosie and Joe on Mike Rose’s essay and a student who worked at the local car garage on Caroline Bird’s essay, even though they are underestimated on society, they are still success on their path. This is a proven fact that college is not the only way to success. College is just an option. People can choose it or not. It's up to them to decide what they are going to do with the opportunity they are given.

Managerial Finance Essay

You have been at your job with East Coast Yachts for a week now and have decided you need to sign up for the company’s 401(k) plan. Even after your discussion with Sarah Brown, the Bledsoe Financial Services representative, you are still unsure as to which investment option you should choose. Recall that the options available to you are stock in East Coast Yachts, the Bledsoe S&P 500 Index Fund, the Bledsoe Small-Cap Fund, the Bledsoe Large-Company Stock Fund, the Bledsoe Bond Fund, and the Bledsoe Money Market Fund. You have decided that you should invest in a diversified portfolio, with 70 percent of your investment in equity, 25 percent in bonds, and 5 percent in the money market fund. You have also decided to focus your equity investment on large-cap stocks, but you are debating whether to select the S&P 500 Index Fund or the Large-Company Stock Fund. In thinking it over, you understand the basic difference in the two funds. One is a purely passive fund that replicates a widely followed large-cap index, the S&P 500, and has low fees. The other is actively managed with the intention that the skill of the portfolio manager will result in improved performance relative to an index. Fees are higher in the latter fund. You’re just not certain on which way to go, so you ask Dan Ervin, who works in the company’s finance area, for advice. After discussing your concerns, Dan gives you some information comparing the performance of equity mutual funds and the Vanguard 500 Index Fund. The Vanguard 500 is the world’s largest equity index mutual fund. It replicates the S&P 500, and its return is only negligibly different from the S&P 500. Fees are very low. As a result, the Vanguard 500 is essentially identical to the Bledsoe S&P 500 Index Fund offered in the 401(k) plan, but it has been in existence for much longer, so you can study its track record for over two decades. The graph below summarizes Dan’s comments by showing the percentage of equity mutual funds that outperformed the Vanguard 500 Fund over the previous ten years. So for example, from January 1977 to December 1986, almost 70 percent of equity mutual funds outperformed the Vanguard 500. Dan suggests that you study the graph and answer the following questions: 1. What implications do you draw from the graph for mutual fund investors? If I was to draw any implications from the graph for mutual fund investors it would be an expectation that the investors will outperform the market. As with any business the high performers will continue performing and the low performers will be let go. If we were looking at the level of market efficiency it would be expected that mutual funds would outperform the market. It is expected that half of all investors will outperform the market. 2. Is the graph consistent or inconsistent with market efficiency? Explain carefully. I believe that the graph shows consistency with market efficiency, but even the most efficient of markets must be willing to spend on research to outperform the market and even then many investors do not outperform the market. The graph is consistent with market efficiency because if even the highest performers are not outperforming the market, even with high financing, then as would be expected average investors will not be outperforming the market. 3. What investment decision would you make for the equity portion of your 401(k) account? Why? If I was to make an investment decision based on the equity portion of this 401K plan I would choose to invest in the S&P 500 index. There should also be investments made in small cap funds as this will help diversify the portfolio. Small cap funds however are not available as an option so the S&P 500 would be the best choice as an investment decision.

Googles Market Analysis The WritePass Journal

Googles Market Analysis Abstract Googles Market Analysis -2013 economic down turn that affected many companies. The paper finally identifies key features of the company’s strategy in regard to the competition and market share. Introduction Started in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Google is a company that has specializes in internet search and advertising technologies  (Google, 2013). The company has diversified its base after mergers; acquisitions and partnerships to include products such as desktop and mobile phones. It has 22, 0000 employees and the leading search engine in the world.  Ã‚   The year 2006 saw the company extends its web presence beyond search engine to other applications. This changed and expanded its advertising revenue base with Ad words and AdSense positioned as major income generators.   After that the company has gone ahead to incorporate various strategies in order to stay head of the competition. It is in this light that this paper examines Google’s performance between 2006 and 2013 analysing its business strategy. Google’s Performance from 2006 until 2013 In the year 2006, Google’s market share was at 59 percent. This translated to an average of 59 percent of search queries that year  (Crane, 2007). Three of its main competitors, Yahoo, MSN and Ask posted poor results, way lower than Google’s.   Yahoo’s market share in 2006 was 24.7 percent; MSN’s was 8.7 percent and Ask’s was the lowest at 4.2 percent  (Crane, 2007). In the same year, Google’s revenue went up to $10.6 billion from the previous year’s $6.1billion  (Google, 2013). Yahoo, on the other hand, earned $6.4 billion in the same year with MSN earnings totalling approximately $ 600 million  (Knight, 2007) and Ask at 2.1 million  (Schwartz, 2006). In 2007, Google increased its market share from 59 percent in the previous year to 69 percent. This put the company’s market share 10 points higher than the previous year, translating to an increment of 2 billion queries every month  (Crane, 2007). Google made $16.5 billion almost 6 billion more than it earned in the previous year. 2007 saw Yahoo one of Google’s main competitors drop below its previous year’s performance; it earned 17.4 percent from previous year’s 24.7percent. MSN and Ask, on the other hand, gained market share to record 9.2 percent and 3.9 percent respectively  (Crane, 2007). Yahoo earned $6.9 billion at the end of the year, 8 percent from the previous year  (Helft, 2007). Google continued dominating the market and by 2008, 69.5 percent of all searches done online were from its search engine. This was 0.5 percent increment from the previous year’s 69 percent  (Shankland, 2009).   This growth was largely seen as at Yahoo and Microsoft’s expense. That year, Yahoo recorded 19.2 percent of the market share, while MSN recorded 5.9 percent  (Shankland, 2009). Despite the fact that Ask maintained its bottom ranking, it gained 1 percent to record a market share of 3.8 percent. In 2008, Google performed much better than the previous years, earning a total of $21.7 billion up $5 billion while Yahoo and MSN earned $7.21 billion, and $2.47 billion respectively. In 2009, Google had increased its market share to 66.3 percent with Yahoo registering a 15.3 percent market share drop from the previous year. Microsoft introduced its new search engine, Bing and upon its debut registered 9.34 percent while Ask came in at the fourth position at 2.65 percent  (Saad Kamal, 2009). It seems that both Yahoo and Bing lost a total of 7 percent combined. Google does not also seem to be the recipient of the 7 percent since it has steadily maintained the same figure with a 1 percent increment. Saad Kamal (2009) posit that this market share is slipping away to a new entrant, the social search. Social networking sites are increasingly becoming popular and especially Tweeter that users can use in asking questions or ‘social search.’ Nonetheless, Google maintained its market dominance in throughout this year with revenue of $23.6 a difference of almost 2 billion from 2008. Yahoo, on the other hand, generated revenue worth $6.4 billion. While MSNâ₠¬â„¢s Bing and Ask came in the bottom ranking. In 2010, the situation was different for Google as it lost its market share by a considerable amount of points to 64.4% percent in April; it later on grew to 66.3 in October (Goodwin, 2011). Yahoo gained to 17.7 percent from 16.9 percent while Bing went up to 11.8 percent  (Acohido, 2010). Despite that fact, Google’s revenue for 2010 went up to $29.3 billion from the previous year’s $23.6 billion. Yahoo reported a drop in its revenue from $6.4 billion to $4.9 billion while Bing earned $50 million  (Blodget, 2010). In 2011Google’s market share grew from 65.3 percent to 65.6 percent, and this is a decrease from the year to year figure of 66.3. Yahoo continued to decline and registered 15.2 percent while Bing increased to 14.8 percent  (Goodwin, 2011). Ask declined 3 percent to 2.9 percent while new entrant AOL claimed 1.5 percent of the market share. Google continued to grow its revenue and in 2010, it reported $29.3 billion  (Google, 2013), while Yahoo earned $4.9 billion  (Yahoo! Inc., 2011). In 2012 Google’s percentage was at 66.9 of all searches conducted. Bing recorded 16 percent indication of increased market share from 15.9 percent in the previous year  (Goodwin, 2011).   Yahoo showed signs of stabilizing by recording 15.2 percent of all online searches for the past 15 months. Ask recorded 3.2 percent while AOL was at 1.8 percent drop from 2.9 in the previous year. That year Google earned $31.2 billion, with Online Services Division that Bing falls under reported $707 million revenue  (Sterling, 2012). Yahoo also remained stagnant with its revenue at $4.9. The year 2013 saw Google drop 2 points to 66.7, and Bing   at 18.1 percent and Yahoo increased a percentage to record 11.2 percent  (Miller, 2013).AOL recorded   1.4 percent. An Economic Analysis of Google   Google’s strategy has   propelled it to the pinnacle of the market and kept it there for many years  (Helms Nixon, 2010). The company has successfully implemented its open source products as well as services.  Ã‚   As the company underlines in its mission, universal access to information is one of the reason its products are increasingly used. Google has a number of valuable open source products including maps, earth, calendars, drive and many other. However the most important is its web ranking   tool, web directory   and the search engine optimiser that have made it most sort after company on the internet  (Redsicker, 2013).   Google also seems to succeed as a result of it quality offering and good customer experience. Strategic Management Insight (2013) claims that everything that the company gives its customers is of premium quality and most important, they are aimed at solving their users problems and needs.   Google is stable financially and is one o f the most profitable organizations. Strategic Management Insight (2013) explains that it has $48 billion in asset and $7billion in debt. This makes it very easy to deter any kind of competition  (Helms Nixon, 2010).   The company has access to the highest number of internet users. As seen in the above paragraphs, since 2006 until 2013 there is no other company that has stood unbeaten in user numbers other than Google.  Ã‚  Ã‚   It has access to 80 percent of world computer search market and 90 percent of mobile service search market  (Strategic Management Insight, 2013).  Ã‚   By 2012,, the company had added over 1000 patents and was ranking 21 in all companies that have the highest number of patents. This gives it a strong portfolio as compared to its competitors in the market.   The company either strives to or has integrated its products.   Google has enabled its products to operate on any system without any challenges. It compares to no other company in regard to product integration. According to the Boston Consulting Group (2013), Google is one of the most innovative organizations globally. It was also recognized as the second patent creator globally in 2012. The company recognizes innovative work cultures as its main assets. Economic Analysis of Markets Advertising market is rapidly on the rise, and this is good for Google. However in the long run this might be detrimental to the revenue collection  (Strategic Management Insight, 2013). Personal Computers are on the decline in the market, and these formed that bulk of desktop engine search market. The company needs to find ways of pushing back this competition in order to avoid losing its source of income  (Helms Nixon, 2010). The company is also faced with the challenge of turning the growing mobile device market into money. This is the market that has the potential to grow beyond desktop computers  (Fine, 2009). In addition, the growth of advertising or emerging market is seen in the developing economies where the prices are lower than in developed economies, this is an indication that the growth of advertising will be insignificant to the company in the near future. Google has a number of high quality products that are unprofitable. They seem to add no value to the company , and this is detrimental to its future. Wider Macro Content In 2006 Google launched Google Finance, Translator, and Calendar and announced its acquisition of You Tube, as strategy to expand its market. In the following year, it announced Android, and also expanded its partnership with You Tube. In 2008 Google acquired Double Click and also dedicated a website to the United States Elections. Later in 2009 Google launched Google voice, Ventures and voice search on its Android and also announced Google Chrome. Google on the other hand has not fully maximized its potential to perform better and maintain its market share based on a number of issues based on its strategy.   The number of mobile internet users is rapidly increasing, and this gives it the opportunity to establish an advertisement display platform on such devices so as to open newer markets  (Strategic Management Insight, 2013). In addition, the company can get patents through mergers and acquisitions. This will enable the company grow and compete successfully  (Ahuja Katila, 2 001). Google innovative culture has led to its introduction of a driverless car a concept that can be used in a wide scale, in future automobile model. The company though not an automobile company can license these models to manufactures as an additional income channel. Google with the introduction of the Google Chrome book Pixel Touch Screen Digitizer, Google Nexus One and HDMI Streaming Media Player have given indication of its intension to capture the electronic industry. This is a new opening for the company and is receiving a warm reception in the market  (Booton, 2013). According to Strategic Management Insight (2013), Google is currently working on fiber cables that will revolutionize the speed of content delivery online. This is consistent with its strategy of getting people to use the internet as much as possible; universal access. This would integrate the company vertically since it would have no competition in such infrastructure  (Fine, 2009). Effectiveness of Google’s Business Strategy Google generates more revenue from its web based products; this is the Cash Cow  (Shulman, 2008). In particular, its web ranking has made it monopolize the internet business. It is impossible for any online company to operate without Google web ranking and Google has used this product to exert its might in the industry. Most major companies are at the mercy of Google’s algorithm a product that determines the success or failure of any online business. It is the unseen hand that controls all businesses online. JC Penny unsuccessfully tried to break into this system and lost considerable amount of its revenue in 2011  (Fox, 2011). Google took advantage of the increased traffic and web ranking to survive the challenges associated with the global GDP fall in 2012. This was the year that the company made the greatest gain in its history commanding 66.9 percent of all internet searches. Key Features of Google’s Strategy Google’s business strategy might seem successful and one that has seen the company rise over the years, however, a close analysis of this strategy reveals monopolistic business practices. Google is a company that is financially stable and is capable of introducing as many products in as many markets as possible to divert attention of critics. In addition, Google’s greatest asset has always been its innovation. The company unveils new products and technology constantly and this has kept it a head of competition. Google’s strategy has also been a disadvantage to the company; the company has focused on acquiring online companies and grown in that regard, but it has failed to tap considerably into other streams of income.   It is not easy to point at any of its electronic products as state of the art or as a market leader. The leadership’ vision focused on the internet as the basis of its business. Conclusion Google has aggressively positioned itself in the market; it   is continuously becoming volatile with competitors and other stakeholders viewing Google as un fairly taking advantage of its strength to stay at the top. Google has successfully positioned its self in the market and with this coupled with a stable financial base, has been the reason for its success. The company through innovation, continually introduces new products that are instant hits in the market and this will be able to help it dominate. However, as seen above there are areas that the company needs to take notice of in order to stay a head of the competition.   Dependence of on product is detrimental to its financial future and call for the creation of multiple streams if income. Bibliography Acohido, B., 2010. Googles search market share slips as Bing rivalry heats up. [Online] Available at: http://content.usatoday.com/communities/technologylive/post/2010/05/googles-market-share-slips-as-bing-rivalry-heats-up-/1#.Urdg6vRdVoA [Accessed 22 December 2013]. Ahuja, G. Katila, R., 2001. Technological Aquisitions and the Innovation Performance of Acquiring Firms: A longitudinal Study. Strategic Management Journal, pp.197–220. Blodget, H., 2010. Well, Now We Know Where Those Microsoft Bing Share Gains Came From. [Online] Available at: businessinsider.com/bing-share-gains-2010-4 [Accessed 22 December 2013]. Booton, J., 2013. Smartphone, Tablet Revenue Overtaking Consumer Electronics. Fox business, 25 October. Boston Consulting Group, 2013. BCG Names the Worlds 50 Most Innovative Companies. [Online] The Boston Consulting Group Available at: bcg.com/media/PressReleaseDetails.aspx?id=tcm:12-125372 [Accessed 23 December 2013]. Crane, J., 2007. November 2007 Search Market Share: The Market, Google, and Yahoo! All Break Search Records? [Online] Available at: https://blog.compete.com/2007/12/12/search-market-share-november-google-yahoo-ask-msn-live/ [Accessed 22 December 2013]. Fine, L.G., 2009. The SWOT Analysis:Using your Strength to overcome Weaknesses, Using Opportunities to overcome Threats. Kick It, LLC. Fox, V., 2011. New York Times Exposes J.C. Penney Link Scheme That Causes Plummeting Rankings in Google. [Online] Available at: http://searchengineland.com/new-york-times-exposes-j-c-penney-link-scheme-that-causes-plummeting-rankings-in-google-64529 [Accessed 24 December 2013]. Goodwin, D., 2011. October 2011 Search Engine Market Share: Bing Losing Power? [Online] Available at: http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2124890/October-2011-Search-Engine-Market-Share-Bing-Losing-Power [Accessed 22 December 2013]. Google, 2013. 2006 Financial Tables. [Online] Available at: http://investor.google.com/financial/2006/tables.html [Accessed 22 December 2013]. Google, 2013. Our history in depth. [Online] Available at: google.com/about/company/history/ [Accessed 23 December 2013]. Helft, M., 2007. Yahoo Profits Steady; Revenue Up 8%. [Online] Available at: nytimes.com/2007/07/18/technology/18yahoo.html?_r=0 [Accessed 22 December 2013]. Helms, M.M. Nixon, J., 2010. Exploring SWOT analysis – where are we now?: A review of academic research from the last decade. Journal of Strategy and Management, 3(3), pp.215 251. Knight, K., 2007. Yahoo Revenue Up for 2006. [Online] bizreport Available at: bizreport.com/2007/01/yahoo_revenue_up_for_2006.html [Accessed 22 December 2013]. Miller, R., 2013. Google loses marketshare in latest comScore stats, but Microsoft unchanged. [Online] Available at: fiercecontentmanagement.com/story/google-loses-marketshare-latest-comscore-stats-microsoft-unchanged/2013-12-17 [Accessed 23 December 2013]. Redsicker, P., 2013. Findable Content Marketing: 3 Google Keyword Tool Tips. Content Marketing Institute. Saad Kamal, 2009. Google Bites on 72% of US Search Market. [Online] Available at: saadkamal.com/search-marketshare-nov09/ [Accessed 22 December 2013]. Schwartz, B., 2006. [Online] Available at: http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2057435/Ask.coms-Revenue-Increases-62-Percent [Accessed 22 December 2013]. Shankland, S., 2009. Google conquers 2008 search market in U.S. [Online] Available at: http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-10143183-93.html [Accessed 22 December 2013]. Shulman, L., 2008. The Return of the Cash Cow. Chicago: The Boston Consulting Group. Sterling, G., 2012. Microsoft Delivers Strong Quarter: $17.4B Revenue, Bing Division Sees Smaller Loss. [Online] Available at: http://marketingland.com/microsoft-delivers-strong-quarter-17-4b-revenue-bing-division-sees-smaller-loss-10394 [Accessed 23 December 2013]. Strategic Management Insight, 2013. SWOT analysis of Google. [Online] Strategic Management Insight Available at: strategicmanagementinsight.com/swot-analyses/google-swot-analysis.html [Accessed 23 December 2013]. Yahoo! Inc., 2011. Yahoo Annual Report. Sunnyvale: Yahoo! Inc.

Reasoning And Analysis Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reasoning And Analysis Assignment - Essay Example In this way, the reader can quickly infer as to the symbiotic relationship that key indicators effect on the overall sellability/marketability of a given idea, item, or individual. In a sense, the crowning achievement of an individual or a firm can serve to provide a powerful and useful segue or introduction where the reputation precedes the product or individual. This brief analysis will consider the ways in which the Halo Effect exists in many different forms as well as seeking to draw a level of inference onto the ways that companies can mold and benefit from such an interpretation while all the time promoting key concepts, products, and ideas to the customer base while allowing the product or service to perform the actual marketing itself; thereby, saving the company a large amount of money that would otherwise be spent on marketing. In order to achieve such a goal, 3 articles will be compared and key inference will be drawn from each as a way to better understand and categorize the Halo Effect. The first article which will be analyzed is entitled, â€Å"Creating the Brand Halo Effect†. This particular article discusses the way a firm can allow its market leader to tacitly perform its own marketing. An example of such a practice can readily be seen in the way that Apple Inc allowed the success of its iPod line to perform the product recognizance for its PCs and other services. Due to the fact that the market leader was so pervasively displayed within the culture, spending a large budge marketing a product such as the Apple line of PCs and laptops would have been a wasted effort. As such, the Halo Effect can contribute powerfully to lifting to the overall profitability of a given firm and freeing up valuable resources that would have otherwise been utilized to market and advertise other product/service offerings that However, it should be noted that placing the firm’s marketing thrust on a single

Dementia Care. Skills for enabling people with dementia and their Essay

Dementia Care. Skills for enabling people with dementia and their carers - Essay Example But "dementia does not only involve an impairment of intellect and memory, since just about every sphere of psychological functioning can also change or become disrupted in some way. Thus personality, emotional stability, behavior toward others (e.g. becoming aggressive when previously passive and tolerant), speech and communication and self-care may well change for the worse." (Done and Thomas, 1999, p.475) At this age people need empathy and emotional support, so along with the other carers I, rely on a humanistic person centered approach to effectively communicate with these people. This approach has been very fruitful for me in achieving success professionally. The humanistic person centered approach helps in getting the attention of the person, one is dealing with. This is a psychological way of dealing with people suffering from dementia. While applying this approach, I do not believe in doing things instead for adequate effectiveness, I rely on building a high quality interpersonal interaction with my clients. Through this approach my thoughts and feelings get closely involved with my client's thoughts and feelings. ... his socio psycho approach believed that for therapeutic growth, it is very important to give the client unconditional positive regard, empathy and congruence. He also believed that a client should not be considered a client but person, an individual. This way it becomes easier for the carer to understand him in a better way. Hence I approach my clients in the following way: I try to build a psychological contact with the person. I understand that they are very vulnerable, anxious and in state of incongruence at this phase of their lives. So I try to be integrated and congruent as much as possible. I try to develop unconditional positive regard for them. Simultaneously, I try to effectively communicate with the client by trying to build an empathic understanding of his internal frame of mind. By doing all this I get successful in communicating unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding to him to some extent. The following are the three important elements of the humanistic person centred approach: Unconditional positive regard: This can be described as a non-possessive warmth, respect, acceptance, prizing and caring for an individual. The person should be made felt that he is significant irrespective of his mental condition. According to Nelson-Jones "unconditional positive regard does not mean that therapists need, from their frame of reference, to approve of all their clients' behaviours. Rather, unconditional positive regard is an attitude and philosophical orientation, reflected in therapist behaviour, that clients are more likely to move forward if they feel prized for their humanity and they experience an emotional climate of safety and freedom in which, without loosing their therapist's acceptance, they can show feelings and relate events."